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ThruVM is a RISC-V-based virtual machine that executes smart contracts on the Thru blockchain. It provides deterministic program execution with segmented memory management and comprehensive system calls.

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Key Components

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Instruction Set Architecture

RISC-V base ISA (RV64I) with extensions for multiplication/division (M), compressed instructions (C), bit manipulation (B), and cryptographic hash functions (Zknh).

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Memory Layout

48-bit segmented address space with different segment types for read-only data, account metadata, account data with copy-on-write semantics, and anonymous memory regions.

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Executable Format

Binary format specification with 8-byte header, variable-length program bytecode, and 4-byte footer.

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System Calls

Comprehensive syscall interface for memory management, account operations, program control, state compression, and event emission.

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Error Handling

Error codes for memory faults, resource exhaustion, invalid operations, and syscall failures.