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In Thru, all accounts are identified by 32-byte addresses. These addresses can be generated in two distinct ways: derived from keypairs using ED25519 cryptography, or computed deterministically by programs using SHA256 hashing.

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Keypair-Derived Addresses

Externally owned accounts (EOAs), also known as user accounts, are accounts that are controlled by users with their private keys. They are owned by the externally owned account program, which is located at the address 0 (all zeros). The keypair is generated using ED25519 public key cryptography. Both the private and public keys are 32 bytes.

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Program-Derived Addresses

When programs create accounts, their addresses are computed deterministically using SHA256 hashing.

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Address Computation

Program-derived addresses (PDAs) are computed using the following formula: 
SHA256(program_pubkey || is_ephemeral || seed)
Parameters:
  • program_pubkey - The 32-byte public key of the program creating the account
  • is_ephemeral - A single byte (0 or 1) indicating whether the account is ephemeral
  • seed - A 32-byte seed provided by the program